While astronomy is rich with compelling imagery that excites both researchers and the public, the datasets underlying many significant results are often easily interpreted only by the researchers themselves. Effective science communication often relies on science-based illustrations to both engage audiences and provide important visual context for understanding the text of a press release, museum exhibit, etc. I will talk through the methodologies we have found most effective in balancing science, communications, and aesthetic concerns when developing “space art” in support of NASA science results. Case studies will include Milky Way structure, black holes, and exoplanets.