In this lecture, we will understand NOISE in a communication system.

Noise in a communication system refers to any unwanted or random electrical or electromagnetic disturbances or interference that can degrade the quality of the transmitted signal. Noise can originate from various sources and can manifest itself in different forms. Here are some common types of noise in communication systems:

1. Thermal Noise (Johnson-Nyquist Noise): This is caused by the random motion of electrons in conductors due to temperature. It is a fundamental noise source and increases with temperature and bandwidth.

2. Shot Noise: Occurs when current or charge carriers, such as electrons or photons, are randomly distributed in time, causing variations in the received signal.

3. White Noise: A type of noise with a constant power spectral density across all frequencies. It has equal intensity at all frequencies and is often used as a model for random noise.

4. Gaussian Noise: It follows a Gaussian (normal) distribution and is characterized by its mean and standard deviation. Many natural and man-made noise sources exhibit Gaussian characteristics.

Effective communication system design aims to minimize and mitigate the impact of noise on signal quality. Techniques such as error correction coding, signal filtering, modulation schemes, and adaptive equalization are used to combat noise and improve the reliability of communication systems.

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